static/Knowledge/Help/UNIX Commands and Concepts/Text Editors/nano.txt

+<p>You launch nano with the command:</p>
+<pre class="console">$ nano <em>[filename]</em></pre>
+<p>When you do, you will be presented with the following screen:</p>
+<pre class="console"><span class="reverse">  GNU nano 1.2.1                  New Buffer                                    </span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                                  <span class="reverse">[ New File ]</span>
+<span class="reverse">^G</span> Get Help  <span class="reverse">^O</span> WriteOut  <span class="reverse">^R</span> Read File <span class="reverse">^Y</span> Prev Page <span class="reverse">^K</span> Cut Text  <span class="reverse">^C</span> Cur Pos<br /><span class="reverse">^X</span> Exit      <span class="reverse">^J</span> Justify   <span class="reverse">^W</span> Where Is  <span class="reverse">^V</span> Next Page <span class="reverse">^U</span> UnCut Txt <span class="reverse">^T</span> To Spell<br /></pre>
+<p>You will notice a number of commands at the bottom of the screen. These are executed by using the key combination to the left of the command name. In this context, the symbol "^" means Ctrl. So to <strong>Get Help</strong>, you would press Ctrl-G; to <strong>Exit</strong>, you would press Ctrl-X, and so on.</p>
+<p>Some of the standard <a href="https://sucs.org/Knowledge/Help/UNIX%20Commands%20and%20Concepts/Control%20Keys">control keys</a> apply here.</p>
+<p>The official website for nano, which includes documentation, is <a href="http://www.nano-editor.org/">http://www.nano-editor.org/</a>.</p>
\ No newline at end of file

static/Knowledge/Help/UNIX Commands and Concepts/Text Editors/vi.txt

+
+<p><em>Vi</em> (pronounced &quot;vee-eye&quot;) is a popular and very powerful text editor. It&#39;s fairly hard to learn, but it&#39;s well worth learning, especially since it&#39;s often the only editor available on an unfamiliar Unix system.</p>
+
+<p>The first thing you&#39;ll notice about <em>vi</em> when you run it is that you can&#39;t enter text straight away. This is because <em>vi</em> starts in <em>command mode</em>, which uses many commands based on keys that would normally produce a character (such as letters and punctuation). This is an unusual approach but it works well as the majority of commands are single, unshifted keystrokes on the main part of the keyboard, meaning that for the vast majority of your time using <em>vi</em>, your hands stay in exactly the same place. This way you don&#39;t waste time moving your hands around the keyboard. Also, the rarity of commands using CTRL or ALT reduces the amount of stretching that the hand has to do, reducing the probability of repetitive strain injury.</p>
+
+<h2>Modes</h2>
+
+<p><em>Vi</em> has several modes; the most important are command mode, insert
+mode, command line mode and visual mode. In any of these modes you can press <strong>ESC</strong>
+to go back to command mode.</p>
+
+<h3>Insert mode</h3>
+
+<p>Insert mode behaves much as you&#39;d expect: pressing a key inserts the appropriate character. You can use the arrow keys to move about, but bear in mind that going back to command mode is often faster, especially if you have a long way to move.</p>
+
+<p>There are several ways to enter insert mode from command mode. Most commonly you will press <strong>i</strong> to start typing before the cursor, or <strong>a</strong> to start typing after it. You can also press <strong>o</strong> or <strong>O</strong> to insert a blank line respectively after or before the current one and start typing in it.  (Note that vi is case sensitive.)</p>
+
+<p>To leave insert mode, just press <strong>ESC</strong>.</p>
+
+<h3>Command mode</h3>
+
+<p>Most of your time will be spent in command mode. Here you enter commands to enter other modes, move the cursor around, and do simple text manipulation such as deleting (cutting), yanking (copying) and pasting.</p>
+
+<p>In general, there are two types of command: those that are modified using a count, and those that are modified using a movement. Commands taking a count can be entered without one, but commands taking a movement don&#39;t do anything until they get a movement telling them how much text to act on.</p>
+
+<p>As an exanple, there are two ways to delete 5 lines, and to delete 10 characters to the right of the cursor.</p>
+
+<h4>Supplying a count</h4>
+
+<p>To delete the current line and the four lines after it, press <strong>5dd</strong>. Similarly, to delete the current character and 9 characters to the right of it, press <strong>10x</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>The exact meaning of the count depends on the command. For example, the <strong>K</strong> command looks up the word under the cursor in the <a href="../The%20Online%20Manual">manual</a> (exactly as if you had typed <strong>man (word)</strong> in the shell). Adding a count tells the command to look the word up in that section of the manual (exactly as if you had typed <strong>man (count) (word)</strong> in the shell).</p>
+
+<h4>Combining a command with a movement</h4>
+
+<p>Movement of the cursor is achieved using the keys h, j, k and l - these are left, down, up and right respectively. Think of the curve in the j as being an arrow pointing downwards. These are &quot;count&quot; commands - that is, they can be repeated by typing a number before it. You can also move the cursor using the arrow keys, but they can&#39;t be combined with commands as described below like hjkl can. There are also lots of advanced movement commands that move further, e.g. to the beginning / end of the word / sentence / paragraph. These are documented in <em>vim</em>&#39;s online help system (type <strong>:h</strong> to read it).</p>
+
+<p>To delete the current line and the 4 lines after it, press <strong>d4j</strong>. In words, this means &quot;delete lines from here until wherever the movement <strong>4j</strong> goes&quot;. Similarly, <strong>d9l</strong> deletes the current character and the 9 characters to the right of it - it says &quot;delete characters from here until wherever the movement <strong>9l</strong> goes&quot;.</p>
+
+<h4>Command mode reference</h4>
+
+<table border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em">
+<thead>
+<tr><td>Command</td><td>Meaining</td><td>Modifier</td></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>a</td><td>Append text after cursor (enters insert mode)</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>d</td><td>Delete (cut) text</td><td>Movement</td></tr>
+<tr><td>dd</td><td>Delete line</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>D</td><td>Delete rest of line (if given count &gt; 1, also deletes count-1 following lines)</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>gg</td><td>Move to start of file (or countth line)</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>G</td><td>Move to end of file (or countth line)</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>h</td><td>Move left</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>i</td><td>Insert text before cursor (enters insert mode)</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>j</td><td>Move down</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>J</td><td>Join lines (minimum count 2, if specified)</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>k</td><td>Move up</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>l</td><td>Move right</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>n</td><td>Repeat last search</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>o</td><td>Insert text in a blank line after current line (enters insert mode)</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>O</td><td>Insert text in a blank line before current line (enters insert mode)</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>p</td><td>Paste after cursor</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>P</td><td>Paste before cursor</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>u</td><td>Undo (very useful!)</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>CTRL-r</td><td>Redo</td><td>Count</td>
+</tr><tr><td>v</td><td>Enter visual mode</td><td>Movement</td></tr>
+<tr><td>V</td><td>Enter linewise visual mode</td><td>Movement</td></tr>
+<tr><td>x</td><td>Delete character at cursor</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>X</td><td>Delete character before cursor</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>y</td><td>Yank (copy)</td><td>Movement</td></tr>
+<tr><td>yy</td><td>Yank line</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>/</td><td>Search forwards from cursor</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>?</td><td>Search backwards from cursor</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>:</td><td>Enter command-line mode</td><td>Count or Visual</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&lt;</td><td>Shift line left count times</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&gt;</td><td>Shift line right count times</td><td>Count</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&lt;&lt;</td><td>Shift line left once</td><td>None</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&gt;&gt;</td><td>Shift line right once</td><td>None</td></tr>
+<tr><td>%</td><td>Match brackets / braces etc (handy if you get lost among lots of parentheses)</td><td>None</td></tr>
+<tr><td>^</td><td>Move to start of line (but after whitespace)</td><td>None</td></tr>
+<tr><td>0</td><td>Move to start of line</td><td>None</td></tr>
+<tr><td>$</td><td>Move to end of line</td><td>None</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h3>Command line mode</h3>
+
+<p><em>Vi</em> has a &quot;command line&quot; which is used to enter a number of &quot;Ex  commands&quot; that have long names or take various textual arguments - for example, opening and saving files and setting variables. To enter an Ex command first press <strong>:</strong> (colon). There isn&#39;t much to say about this mode except to give a list of some commonly used commands.</p>
+
+<table border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1">
+<thead>
+<tr><td>Command</td><td>Meaning</td></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>e</td><td>Open a new file for editing - follow by filename</td></tr>
+<tr><td>w</td><td>Save (write) - follow by filename to use (unless you want to save with the same filename)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>q</td><td>Quit</td></tr>
+<tr><td>wq</td><td>Save and quit</td></tr>
+<tr><td>noh</td><td>Stop highlighting things found by the last search</td></tr>
+<tr><td>syntax on</td><td>Turn syntax colouring on (<em>vim</em>-specific)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>syntax off</td><td>Turn syntax colouring off (<em>vim</em>-specific)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>set</td><td>Set an option</td></tr>
+<tr><td>let</td><td>Set a variable</td></tr>
+<tr><td>s/foo/bar/</td><td>Substitute regular expression foo with bar. Useful for changing large amounts of text at the same time or in the same way</td></tr>
+<tr><td>h</td><td>Read <em>vim</em>&#39;s online help - optionally follow by a word to look up. (<em>vim</em>-specific, though probably works in some other versions)</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>Sometimes it might be a bad idea to execute a command - for example, typing <strong>:q</strong> without saving first. In these cases <em>vi</em> might not let the command go ahead. You can override this using an exclamation mark; for example, <strong>:q!</strong> quits without saving, even if the buffer has changed since you last saved.</p>
+
+<p>For commands that act on the current line only, the command can be preceded by % to make it act on every line instead. There are a few such range modifiers, all of which are documented in vim&#39;s online help.</p>
+
+<h3>Visual mode</h3>
+
+<p>This provides a convenient alternative to most movement-oriented commands rather like selection in other editors. Pressing <strong>v</strong> starts a highlight on the current character that can be expanded by moving about (with hjkl or other movement commands, but <em>not</em> the arrow keys). Similarly, pressing <strong>V</strong> selects text a line at a time, and moving up and down changes the amount of text selected.</p>
+
+<p>For example, <strong>v9ld</strong> will delete the current character and the 9 to the right of it, but, equivalently, you can press <strong>v</strong>, then <strong>l</strong> nine times, followed by <strong>d</strong>. And <strong>V4jd</strong>, or <strong>V</strong> followed by <strong>j</strong> four times and then <strong>d</strong>, will delete the current line and the four lines after it. Between the <strong>v</strong> or <strong>V</strong> and the command, the text which the command will act on is highlighted.</p>
+
+<p>To cancel visual mode, press <strong>ESC</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>(Historical note: <em>vi</em> is an abbreviation for &quot;visual&quot;, but it wasn&#39;t named after this mode - rather, it was to distinguish it from line editors such as <em>ed</em> which were the only editors available when the original <em>vi</em> was created back in the early 1970s. They&#39;re not much used now because the hardcopy terminals they were designed for are long since obsolete.)</p>
+
+<h3>Ex mode</h3>
+
+<p>Ex mode is like command-line mode, except that you enter a sequence of Ex commands instead of directly working on the file. It&#39;s rather like <em>ed</em>. As such it is rather hard to use and not particularly useful.</p>
+
+<h2>Some useful features in vim</h2>
+
+<p>The following instructions refer only to vim; other clones may have similar mechanisms, but probably not the same ones.</p>
+
+<h3>Syntax colouring</h3>
+
+<p>Many clones of vi, including vim, provide highlighting of syntactic elements in a large number of programming and markup languages. This can greatly help in understanding the structure of code, especially if you are dyslexic.</p>
+
+<p>To turn on syntax highlighting, type <strong>:syntax on</strong>. If you are using an appropriate filename (i.e. one that has the canonical extention for the language you are editing) vim will be able to guess which language you want. in some cases the guess is wrong - in these cases you can tell vim to highlight for a different language by typing <strong>:set syntax=(language)</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>In particular, the filename extension .pl is, by default, associated with Perl. Unfortunately this clashes with the default extension for Prolog source files, which is also .pl. You can tell vim to interpret the file as Prolog by typing <strong>:set syntax=prolog</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>Another thing to watch out for is that each syntax specification may support several dialects. For example, vim&#39;s Pascal highlighting supports GNU Pascal as well as Delphi. Generally you need to set a variable to change vim&#39;s behaviour in these cases:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>To highlight Pascal using Delphi&#39;s dialect, type <strong>:let pascal_delphi = 1</strong></li>
+<li>To highlight Bourne shell scripts using the bash dialect, type <strong>:let is_bash = 1</strong></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>Autoindent and c-indent</h3>
+
+<p>These are two exceptionally handy features when editing source code:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Autoindent (turned on with <strong>:set ai</strong> and turned off with <strong>:set noai</strong>) automatically inserts as much whitespace at the start of a new line as there is on the current line (e.g. when you press enter or use the <strong>o</strong> or <strong>O</strong> commands). This saves you reaching for the tab key most of the time.</li>
+<li>C-indent (turned on with <strong>:set cin</strong> and turned off with <strong>:set nocin</strong>) provides even more when editing C source code (and source code for languages with C-like syntax, such as Java). On top of the provisions of autoindent, it automatically inserts extra whitespace where appropriate, particularly after a {, and deletes it when appropriate, particularly when you type a }. With both options turned on, you almost never have to press the tab key, saving a lot of time.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><span style="color: red">Note:</span> When pasting text into vim using the middle mouse button under X, autoindent and cindent can easily mess up the formatting of the text being pasted. You should turn both options off before pasting.</p>
+
+<h3>Folds</h3>
+
+<p>Many of the editors supplied with integrated development environments (IDEs) allow you to collapse large sections of code, such as a class, function, or loop body. Folds achieve the same effect in vim.</p>
+
+<p>In C-like languages, a convenient way to fold all {} blocks is to do:</p>
+
+<pre>:syn region myFold start=&quot;{&quot; end=&quot;}&quot; transparent fold<br />:syn sync fromstart<br />:set foldmethod=syntax<br /></pre>
+
+<p>This will automatically fold all {} blocks. To expand the fold under the cursor, press <strong>za</strong>, and the same to close it again. To manually create a fold, use the <strong>zf</strong> command with a movement or Visual mode selection.</p>
\ No newline at end of file

static/Knowledge/Help/UNIX Commands and Concepts/The Online Manual.txt

+<p>Another useful command is the <b>man</b> command. If you type man followed
+by another command, then the instructions for that command is displayed. The
+man command uses the <b>more</b> program that you used earlier and so you use
+the same keys to control this program. Try the following:
+</p>
+
+<pre>man man
+
+man who</pre>
+
+<p>The output from the manual program often seems daunting to the beginner, but
+if you learn how to interpret it, it is very useful.</p>
\ No newline at end of file

static/Knowledge/Help/UNIX Commands and Concepts/The Screen Manager.txt

+<p>There are a number of circumstances under which it is useful to be able to move the same session between computers or leave commands running in the background then come back to them later. <tt>screen</tt> is ideal for this.</p>
+
+<p>The command is initially invoked with the following command:</p>
+
+<pre class="console">$ screen</pre>
+
+<p>This will start a new <tt>screen</tt> session in which you can do anything you can do in a normal session. The only difference is that it takes over <i>Ctrl-a</i> as an escape character to run its own commands. If you want to use <i>Ctrl-a</i> (Home) normally, you will need to press <i>Ctrl-a a</i>. Help is available with the key-combination <i>Ctrl-a ?</i>.</p>
+
+<p>You can also make <tt>screen</tt> run a command directly, without going to the shell. For example, to start <a href="/wiki/milliways">Milliways</a>, you would type:</p>
+
+<pre class="console">$ screen mw</pre>
+
+<p>Once you are running a command, you can detatch the session with <i>Ctrl-a d</i>. If you want to end the session that you opened <tt>screen</tt> from as well, use <i>Ctrl-a DD</i>.</p>
+
+<p>When you want to reattach the session, you can use:</p>
+
+<pre class="console">$ screen -r</pre>
+
+<p>If you left the screen attached and want to close that terminal and reconnect it in your current session, use:</p>
+
+<pre class="console">$ screen -Dr</pre>
+
+<p>You can also reattach the session without closing it elsewhere. The command for this is:</p>
+
+<pre class="console">$ screen -x</pre>
\ No newline at end of file

static/Knowledge/Help/UNIX Commands and Concepts/The UNIX Filesystem.txt

+<p>There is a number of important things to know about the way files work in a UNIX environment, particularly if you are used to the way Windows handles files.</p>
+<p>Firstly, it is important to note that filenames are <span style="font-weight: bold;">case sensitive</span>. This means that <tt>filename</tt> is not the same as <tt>Filename</tt> and <tt>FILENAME</tt> is different again. This may take some getting used to as in Windows, any of the names would refer to the same file.</p>
+<p>All files have a number of attributes associated with them. To view these, you use the <tt>-l</tt> flag with the <tt>ls</tt> command like so:</p>
+<pre class="console">$ ls -l<br />total 8<br />-rw-r--r--   1 dez users   1928 Dec 24 15:59 wibble</pre>
+<h3>Permissions</h3>
+<p>The <tt>-rw-r--r--</tt> section denotes the permissions of the file. The first indicates the type of file (- for normal, l for link, d for directory (folder)). The other nine are in three groups of three - user, group and world (or other). In each group the three characters represent the same properties: read, write and execute (r, w and x respectively). So in the example above, the user can read from and write to the file, members of the group can only read from it, as can others (i.e. anyone who isn't the user or in the group). Permissions can be altered using the <tt>chmod</tt> command.</p>
+<h3>User and Group</h3>
+<p>The following two columns specify the name of the user and group the file belongs to. The user will be the name you log in with (and you can see this by typing <tt>whoami</tt>); the group could be any of the groups of users that exists. To see which groups you are a member of, type <tt>groups</tt>. As a new user, you are likely to only be in the group "users" but you may be added to others if necessary. For example, if you were working on a team project, you might get a group set up for the members of the team, allowing you all to edit the files for the project while not allowing anyone else to. File ownership can be changed with the <tt>chown</tt> command, and file group with <tt>chgrp.</tt></p>
+<h3>Size, Date and Filename</h3>
+<p>The last three columns show the size of the file in bytes, the date and time the file was last modified and the name of the file. There's not really much to be said about these. :-)</p>
\ No newline at end of file

static/Knowledge/Help/Windows to Linux.txt

+This guide is intended to help those of you who are familiar with Windows to get cosy with Linux.<br /><br />Based on my experience, this isn&#39;t so easy unless you either have:<br /><ol><li>A friendly guide to help you (Luckily for you, you&#39;re reading one!)</li><li>A lot of time, and incredibly long attention span.</li><li>Lots of helpful old timers (But only if you have a sensible question that cannot be answered by, for example, a simple <a href="http://www.google.co.uk">Google</a> search!)</li></ol>And with that, we begin!<br />If you really want an amazing guide, which is not written in terms of Windows applications, then I suggest you either go <a href="../../../../undefined//Knowledge/Help" title="Help Guide">here</a> (SUCS help, probably where you just came from) or <a href="http://www.cs.swan.ac.uk/~csandy/cs-244/linux/" title="Andy Gimblett&#39;s Linux Course site">here</a> (course notes from Andy Gimblett for CS244 (Linux and C programming))<br />So, onward...<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold">Contents<br /></span><ol><li><a href="Windows%20to%20Linux/How%20Windows%20login%20differs">Logging in, and the advantages of Linux Login</a><br /></li><li><a href="Windows%20to%20Linux/Email%20Setup">Setting up e-mail</a></li><li>Using the Internet</li><li>Word processing/Office equivalent applications</li><li>Basic functions (file handling)</li><li>Printing</li><li>Scanning</li><li>CD/DVD Burning</li><li>Setting up your webspace</li></ol>This is still in the workings, so if you have any ideas for anything to add I shall do my best to seek out answers; simply email me (<a href="mailto:stringfellow@sucs.org" title="Email Stephen Pike">stringfellow@sucs.org</a>)<br />

static/Knowledge/Help/Windows to Linux/Email Setup.txt

+Email; We all use it somehow or other and so it is one of the important things to be able to use straight away in Linux (as far as I was concerned anyway; its a bit like losing your mobile in the computing world)<br /><br />So, there are various ways we can use email, and most of which you will probably already be familiar with. We&#39;ll start with the easiest...<br /><h3>WebMail</h3>OK, so WebMail... there really isn&#39;t much to say about this- <br /><blockquote>You need a browser (see <a href="win2lin.web" title="Using the Web">Using the Web)</a><br />Then, if you use Hotmail, Yahoo etc you can use this as normal.<br />If you want to access your university mail go to: <a href="http://email.swan.ac.uk">http://email.swan.ac.uk</a><br /></blockquote><h3>Using a Client</h3>Mail Clients save a lot of time, they can retrieve mail automatically, filter it, get mail from different accounts all at once and manage your contacts.<br />In Linux (or, on our systems at least) you have a choice between Evolution Mail and Thunderbird. My personal preference being the latter, as its easily available and widely used under Windows too (honest- <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/products/thunderbird/" title="Thunderbird Mail Client">look here</a>).<br />So how do you use it?<br /><ol><li>Either open a terminal, or browse to Thunderbird (probably located under Internet in the Applications list)</li><li>Select the option to set up a new email account<br /></li><li>Enter your name as you would want it to appear in the &#39;From&#39; line of your emails, and your SUCS email address (username@sucs.org) in the Email Address box</li><li>After clicking next, you need to select IMAP (As opposed to POP) and enter &#39;sucs.org&#39; in the Incoming Server box (Don&#39;t put the &#39;s in!), click next.<br /></li><li>In the next screen, ensure your username is in the User Name box&nbsp; and  click next.</li><li>You can set the account name to whatever you wish, this is just to identify it.</li><li>Confirm the details and the SUCS account will be created. We need to tweak it a little to make it work because we like security here on our server. <br /></li><li>So, go to account settings (by right clicking the name, or in the main window)</li><li>Go to &#39;Server Settings&#39; and tick the box that says &#39;Use secure connection (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer" title="Technical Info!">SSL</a>)&#39;</li><li>You may also wish to turn HTML formatting off in Composition settings, as some people dislike it and will simply not read emails written in HTML format (don&#39;t ask why, I don&#39;t know).</li><li>OK, now it should all be ready to go. Click on the account and click read mails. You should be prompted for your password.</li><li>If nothing appears to happen, try closing it and re-opening. <br /></li></ol>Setting up <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" title="Technical Info!">POP</a> mail is a similar process. For those who don&#39;t know what POP mail is, you probably aren&#39;t using it (except maybe for University mail). But, POP can be used to access your WebMail which is outlined below... (or will be when i get round to it)<br /><sub><br />Questions/suggestions about this page: <a href="mailto:stringfellow@sucs.org" title="Email Steve P">stringfellow@sucs.org</a></sub><br />

static/Knowledge/Help/Windows to Linux/How Windows login differs.txt

+
+
+
+
+The Linux login is similar to Windows when you first encounter it, and because of this you may think its nothing special, as I did. Well, you'd be wrong (as I was).
+
+<h2>Get to a Machine!</h2>
+There are several ways to do this, the easiest being to simply go to 
+the room, find a PC and log in using your username and password &acirc;�� if you 
+cant remember these, find a friendly admin or exec member, and tell 
+them, they will more than likely be pleased to help you out because it 
+means they get the opportunity to laugh at your forgetfulness :-D
+
+<h2>The Joy of SSH...</h2>
+However, the more cunning fox will use a facility known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH" title="Technical Info!">SSH</a>.
+<br />What this is, technically, is a Secure SHell. i.e. a means with which 
+to log into our server from anywhere in the world that is connected to 
+the Internet, securely (So people can&#39;t go stealing your passwords etc).
+<br />This is the really one of the main reasons why I started converting to Linux.<br />
+
+<ul>
+<li>For a start its secure, which is incredibly important these days as more spam and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adware" title="Technical Info!">adware</a> applications make use of our communications to glean email addresses and information.</li>
+<li>You can log in from <span style="font-style: italic">anywhere</span> with an Internet connection. This includes dialup, though as ever it will be slower!</li>
+<li>You can &#39;bounce&#39; around machines, I&#39;ll go into this later.</li>
+<li>It is a means by which many other applications can communicate securely (e.g., Email, web tunnelling, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding" title="Technical Info!">port forwarding</a> etc)</li>
+</ul>
+<p>N.B. this is a <span style="font-weight: bold">text based</span> service, so don&#39;t expect fireworks. However there are some cunning things that can be done with it, and a graphical approach is described a bit further down (<span style="font-style: italic">VNC and DAV</span>). I will get to 
+these shortly (promise), but for now let&#39;s look at actually logging in...</p>
+
+<h3>Windows:</h3>
+<p>Windows does not have an inbuilt SSH package, but the easiest way is 
+to use a utility called PuTTY. This can be found <a href="http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe" title="PuTTY Download">here</a>. So, once you have that, simply run it and visit our <a href="../SUCS%20Services/Logging%20in%20remotely/Configuring%20PuTTY" title="PuTTY Config and Usage">wonderful guide</a> on how to configure it (its very easy, I managed it so anyone can).<br />
+PuTTY acts as a terminal window emulator, that is, it looks like a Shell that you would use on a Linux PC.<br />
+From here you can do anything that you could do if you were using a shell, apart from one of the &#39;party tricks&#39; that is X-Forwarding</p>
+
+<h3>Linux:</h3>
+<p>Easy, open a shell and type:
+</p><pre class="console">ssh [username]@sucs.org</pre>
+(Don&#39;t include the [ ] !)
+<p>This assumes that you have SSH installed, and you should do unless you 
+are on some weird embedded system (in which case you need to get 
+yourself on a forum and ask, or <a href="http://www.google.co.uk" title="Google! Use it! Lots!!">Google</a> for it.)</p>
+
+<h2>Done that?</h2>
+OK! So now you can logon! If you wish to log on to a different machine then once you have logged on as above, simply type:
+<pre class="console">ssh [computername]</pre>
+<p>You will be prompted for your password (unless you set up 
+<a href="../SUCS%20Services/Logging%20in%20remotely/Using%20Authorisation%20Keys%20to%20log%20in" title="Setting up authorisation keys">autorization keys</a>)</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<pre class="console">ssh platinum</pre>
+
+<p>will log you onto platinum via our server; silver.</p>
+
+<h3>The exciting bits!!!</h3>
+<ol><li><a href="../SUCS%20Services/Using%20Milliways">Milliways</a> - The SUCS chat system; OK, so this isnt overly exciting but still...</li>
+<ol><li>Ensure the prompt says: [username]@silver [something]&gt; The &#39;@silver&#39; is important as silver is the name of our server... </li>
+<li>Type: &#39;mw&#39; and follow the instructions! <br /></li><li>Bingo, you now get to converse with all the regulars in the room; students, postgrads and Old-Timers who have gone out to the Real World (eek!).</li>
+</ol>
+<li>LINUX ONLY! OK, Here my friends, is where Linux is the proverbial bees knees, the cats pyjamas etc...</li>
+<ol>
+<li>You can run any of our applications available at SUCS on your home 
+linux machine by using a service known as X-Forwarding. <br />THIS IS COOL! Honestly, if there was a defining list of where Linux out-does Windows, this would be on there.<br />
+This simply forwards graphical information to your computer and acts 
+(mostly) as if you are sitting at the machine in the SUCS room. It also works the other way round, if you were at the SUCS room and logged into a Linux machine at home then you could forward applications from home to SUCS.</li>
+<li>To do this: before logging on, add in the switch -Y:
+<pre class="console">ssh -Y [username]@sucs.org</pre></li>
+<li>Voila, done.<br />
+N.B. This may not work wholly successfully for some applications, but 
+mostly its all good. If you want to have a go at making X forwarding possible, check out Cygwin, which is a Linux emulator for Windows.<br /></li>
+</ol>
+</ol>
+<p>OK, so here we see the use of SSH. Like I mentioned this is only TEXT.<br />If you want a sparkly Graphical remote interface, then Linux provides...</p>
+<h3>VNC and DAV</h3>
+<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VNC" title="Technical Info!">VNC</a>, or Virtual Network Computing is basically about making your computer&#39;s desktop available across a network.<br />
+This is good, it means you can be sitting at home and act as if you are sitting at a machine in SUCS; <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">graphically</span>!<br />
+Ok, so this technology isnt restricted to Linux, and is in fact well supported under windows.<br />
+But the point is, Linux need not be scary and Text based, it has a shiny soft coat called X.
+<p>(<span style="font-weight: bold">Aside</span>: X is the <span style="font-weight: bold">Graphical User Interface (GUI)</span> that sits on top of the scary looking text-based gubbins. It gives you cursors, pictures, a mouse pointer and other sparkly things :D, this is a slight simplification but you get the idea.)</p>
+<p>Right, so first thing&#39;s first, get yourself a VNC client.<br />The easiest way to do this is to simply <a href="../../../Tools/Desktop%20on%20Demand" title="VNC in your browser!">use the Java client</a>. For this to work you will need Java enabled/installed (see <a href="http://java.com/en/download/windows_xpi.jsp" title="Java download (Win XP)">here</a>)<br /><br />OK, failing that we have a wonderful tool available freely in windows called RealVNC, which can be downloaded <a href="http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html" title="RealVNC Download">here</a> (Just fill in the details and hit proceed).</p>
+<p>Once installed, you will have a server running on your machine as well as the viewer to access other machines. You don&#39;t need the server unless you want to be able to access your machine from elsewhere (which is handy), however you should set a password on it at the start incase you ever decide to use it.</p>
+<p>(<span style="font-weight: bold">Aside</span>: To set this, you should be presented with a dialog when you first install. Go to &#39;Authentication&#39; and click the &#39;Set Password&#39; button.)</p>
+Ok, so once you have succesfully installed:
+<ol>
+<li>Go to programs and find VNCViewer under RealVNC</li>
+<li>When it runs you will be presented with a dialog asking for the hostname</li>
+<li>Enter: <span style="font-weight: bold">sucs.org:1 </span>(I will explain this in a moment)</li>
+<li>You should now be presented with an 800x600 size window containing a rather nasty grey thing</li>
+<li>This will quickly change to a nice pretty interface, similar to the one in the room (Just a login screen for those of you who havent been to the room)</li>
+<li>Enter your username and password into the fields, and off you go! <br /></li>
+<li>You should now have a full desktop in a window, fully controllable as if you were there!</li>
+</ol>
+<p><span style="font-weight: bold">Some notes:</span><br />
+The line we entered in 3. can be explained as follows, for you curious folk:<br /></p><ul><li><span style="font-weight: bold">sucs.org</span> is (as you probably guessed) the name of our server in SUCS, or the <span style="font-weight: bold">hostname</span></li></ul><p>&nbsp;</p><ul><li><span style="font-weight: bold">:1</span> is the screen number we are connecting to. It is what tells the server that we are connecting to a <span style="font-weight: bold">virtual desktop</span>. What this means is that we are not actually controlling a machine in the room directly, we are just running a <span style="font-weight: bold">session</span> on it. Very similar to when you log in using SSH, this is simply an X session.</li></ul><p>
+The advantage of Linux over Windows in this respect is that you <span style="font-style: italic">can</span> have sessions, and easily. Lots of people can all be running X and SSH sessions on one machine, along with someone actually sitting there using it. Obviously this means the computer&#39;s resources are stretched a little, but this is negligable these days. (Especially if someone decides to donate some high powered processors/ram etc to us :-D )<br /></p><h3>DAV</h3>I shan&#39;t explain how to use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebDAV" title="Technical Info!">DAV</a> here as its covered in this page <a href="../SUCS%20Services/Using%20WebDAV" title="Using WebDAV">&#39;Using WebDAV&#39;</a> rather, I shall explain briefly why you would use it.<br /><br />Basically, DAV allows you to read and write to your home directory (As if it were a folder on your machine) over the internet.<br /><br />Its incredibly easy to use and if you <span style="font-style: italic">really</span> don&#39;t want to get into Linux (more fool you), or need a quick access to your files from anywhere then use DAV.<br /><br /><h3>Summary</h3><br /><br />If you want to get into Linux in a big way, log in using SSH and VNC. This will allow you to get used to the environment in a VNC window without having to be locked into a Linux machine (which, by the way, you don&#39;t have to do; see <a href="win2lin.convert" title="Installing and Using Linux">Converting</a>). You will use SSH to get to grips with the command line and if it all gets scary, you can use the VNC window as a backup.<br /><br /><a href="win2lin.convert" title="Installing and Using Linux">&nbsp;</a>If you want to be able to use Linux competently but don&#39;t like the text base that is used, go for VNC, but remember the forfeit here is that it can be slooow over lower band widths.<br /><br />And, if you are not feeling up to the challenge and just want to be able to access you files; DAV will help.<br /><br />More on <a href="win2lin.fileaccess">File Access</a>.<br /><br />Next Page: <a href="win2lin.email" title="Setting up Email in Linux">EMail Setup</a><br /><br /><sub>Questions/suggestions for modification - <a href="mailto:stringfellow@sucs.org" title="Email Steve P">stringfellow@sucs.org</a></sub><br />
\ No newline at end of file

static/Knowledge1.txt

+Page under construction

static/Services/Desktop on Demand.cy.txt

+<p>Mae rhaid i chi ufuddhau rheolau y prifysgol. Peidiwch chwarae gemau ar gyfrifaduron cyrchiad agor. Bydd anablu eich cadw-sgrin pan dych chi'n defnyddio y gwasanaeth hyn.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="http://sucs.org/~anarchy/vnc/bach.html">Dechrau 640x480</a>
+&nbsp;|&nbsp;
+<a href="http://sucs.org/~anarchy/vnc/mawr.html">Dechrau 800x600</a>
+</p>

static/Tools.cy.txt

+<p>Mae'r gymdeithas yn darparu rhestr hir o wasanaethau i ei haelodau. Dyma rhestr o wasanaethau:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="desktop.php">Bwrddgwaith ar Galwad</a>.</li>
+<li> Ebost POP3/IMAP gyda <a href="http://spamassassin.org/">SpamAssassin</a> - Gallwch chi cael ato fe wrth <a href="https://sucs.org/webmail">Ebost Gwe Amgryptio</a></li>
+<li> Safle Gwe (Mae PHP a PostgreSQL yn ar gael)</li>
+<li> Lle disg i chi pan eich cyfrif llyfgell yn wedi ei llanw neu wedi ei doriad</li>
+<li> Rhestri Ebost</li>
+<li> <a href="/help/advisory">Gwasanaethau cynghori rhaglennu</a></li>
+<li> <a href="library.php">Llyfrgell Cyfeiriad</a> o llyfr poblogaidd (including Computer Science recommended course texts)</li>
+<li> Hawl gweld 24awr i ein <a href="http://sucs.org/services/room.php">ystafell gyfrifiaduron</a><br />
+     Mae nodweddion yn cynnwys:<br />
+       <ul>
+       <li> Systemau yn wedi ei diweddaru gyda 2 cyfrifiaduron newydd (ac mwy yn dod yn fuan!)</li>
+       <li> Rhywdwaith yr aelodau i cysylltu eich gliniadur</li>
+       <li> Cyrchiad rhyngwyd gyflymder LAN</li>
+       <li> Llosgydd CD</li>
+       <li> Argraffydd laser mono ac argraffydd ffrwd incio lliwiau (am ddim o fewn rheswm)</li>
+       </ul>
+</li>
+</ul>

static/Tools.txt

+<p>Welcome to the Tools page. Here are some short descriptions of the tools available on sucs.org. Click the link in the menu bar for more information on the tool you wish to use.</p>
+<h2><a href="http://lists.sucs.org/">Mailing Lists</a></h2>
+<p>A directory of all the mailing lists hosted by SUCS. Using this you can find out more about a particular mailing list, subscribe or unsubscribe to a list and change your preferences for any lists you subscribed to. If you are an admin of a mailing list you can access the admin interface through this page.</p>
+<h2><a href="Tools/ShortURI">ShortURI</a></h2>
+<p>Make long web addresses shorter. Useful if you wish to paste it to Milliways, or perhaps a forum or chatroom elsewhere; you can use ShortURI to create a shorter version that will direct you to the original address.</p>
+<h2><a href="https://sucs.org/webmail">Web Mail</a></h2>
+<p>Check your SUCS e-mail account via the web using <cite>Roundcube</cite>. Learn more about <a href="Knowledge/Help/SUCS%20Services/Accessing%20your%20email">accessing your SUCS e-mail</a> in our Help section.</p>
+<h2><a href="Tools/PasteBin">PasteBin</a></h2>
+<p>If you are having trouble with some code and have gone to Milliways for help, use the Pastebin to avoid spamming Milliways with lines of code, plus it also has a nifty syntax highlighting feature. </p>
+<h2><a href="Tools/Desktop%20on%20Demand">Desktop on Demand</a></h2>
+<p>Desktop on Demand allows you to connect to one of the SUCS computers remotely to run linux applications from anywhere. For more information see <a href="Knowledge/Help/SUCS%20Services/Using%20Desktop%20on%20Demand">Using Desktop on Demand</a>.</p>
\ No newline at end of file

static/Tools/Desktop on Demand.txt

+<p>
+<script type="text/javascript"><!--
+//<![CDATA[
+        function popup(mylink, width, height, windowname)
+        {
+            if (! window.focus) return true;
+            var href;
+            if (typeof(mylink) == 'string')
+                href=mylink;
+            else
+                href=mylink.href;
+                window.open(href,windowname, 'width='+width+',height='+height+',left=5,top=50,scrollbars=no');
+                return false;
+        }
+// --></script>
+</p>
+<p>The Desktop on Demand service allows you to connect to an X session on one of the SUCS desktops and use all the programs you can in the SUCS room. Please remember that the <a href="{$baseurl}/About/Conditions">SUCS Terms and Conditions</a> apply to your use of this service.</p>
+<p>Choose a desktop size to start using the service (smaller will be faster):</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="/desktop/640x480.html" onclick="return popup('/desktop/640x480.html','640','480','Desktop on Demand');">640x480</a></li>
+<li><a href="/desktop/800x600.html" onclick="return popup('/desktop/800x600.html','800','600','Desktop on Demand');">800x600</a></li>
+<li><a href="/desktop/1024x768.html" onclick="return popup('/desktop/1024x768.html','1024','768','Desktop on Demand');">1024x768</a></li>
+</ul>
\ No newline at end of file

static/Vote/No Manifesto.txt

+<h1>Executive Election</h1>
+<h2>This candidate has not submitted a manifesto.</h2>
+<p><a href="../Vote">Return to the ballot page</a></p>
\ No newline at end of file

static/fragments/Front.txt

+<h2>Swansea University Computer Society</h2>
+<p>SUCS is one of the university's longest-running and largest societies. In
+addition to providing members with a range of <a href="About">IT
+services</a>, we hold regular events and socials throughout the year.</p>
+<p>We have our own <a href="About/Room">computer room</a> on campus with 24
+hour access. There are usually members present through the week
+so feel free to stop by.</p>
+<p>Visit the <a href="Community">Community</a> section of the site for more
+ways to get in touch with your fellow members, including <a href="Community/Milliways">Milliways</a>, our chat room.&nbsp;</p>
+<p>SUCS celebrated its thirtieth birthday in the summer of 2019. We have compiled a site about the society's history. To read about it and contribute your part of the story, visit <a href="http://history.sucs.org/">http://history.sucs.org/</a>.</p>
+<div style="text-align: center"><a href="http://history.sucs.org/"><img alt="SUCS history" height="50" src="https://sucs.org/images/sucshistory.png" width="231" /></a></div>

static/fragments/Games-secondary.txt

+<div class="cbb"> <h3><a href="https://games.sucs.org/" title="Gameserver Authorisation">Log in to play!</a></h3></div>
\ No newline at end of file

static/fragments/Games.txt

+<h2>SUCS Games Server</h2> 
+<p>Being a member of SUCS gives you exclusive access to our games server. If you&#39;re living on campus, it&#39;s the only way to play multiplayer online games - and it&#39;s also accessible to members living off campus, too. See below for a list of the games we currently offer.</p> 
+
+<h3>How do I play?</h3> 
+<p>Before you can connect to our games server, you need to log in to our authentication system.&nbsp; Simply use the link on the right hand side of this page to log in to the system, using your SUCS username and password or your Student ID. For instructions on how to connect to a particular game, click its screenshot below.</p>
+<!--
+<p>You can also chat to other players by using our <a href="http://goteamspeak.com/" title="TeamSpeak 2">TeamSpeak 2</a> server. Simply <a href="https://games.sucs.org/auth/" title="Log into the SUCS games system">log in</a> to the SUCS game system, and connect to <strong>games.sucs.org:8767</strong> in TeamSpeak 2. You&#39;ll find a channel for each game that you can play.</p>
+-->
+<p>Steam users are also welcome to join the <a href="http://steamcommunity.com/groups/swanseauniversitycompsoc">SUCS group</a></p>
+
+<h3>Games Currently Available</h3> 
+<p>Click each game for more information, as well as links to download any addons or patches you may need.&nbsp;</p>

static/fragments/Join.txt

+<!-- Joining box --> 
+<div class="cbb"> 
+<h3>Join SUCS!</h3> 
+<p>As well as being an excellent way to meet people with similar interests (we have regular social events and we&#39;re all really nice), you also get all this great stuff: </p> 
+<ul> <li>Use of our dedicated <a href="../Games/" title="Gameserver">games server</a></li> 
+<li><a href="../Knowledge/Help/SUCS%20Services/Using%20your%20web%20space">Web hosting</a> with scripting and database support</li>
+<li>Free printing*</li> 
+<li>Disk space</li> 
+<li>Use of our <a href="../Knowledge/Library/" title="Library">library</a> of textbooks</li> 
+<li>Much more!</li> </ul> 
+<div style="text-align: right"><a href="../About/Joining" title="More info on joining SUCS">More Info</a> </div></div>  
+<!-- Contact box --> 
+<div class="cbb"> 
+<h3>Contact Us</h3>
+<p>If you&#39;re having any problems, you can get in touch with us by e-mailing</p>
+<a href="mailto:admin@sucs.org">admin@sucs.org</a> 
+</div>

static/fragments/Junk.txt

+<p>The SUCS Room frequently accumulates large piles of junk. Some of this is no longer required by the society, and we&#39;d like to offer such items to our members before they find their way in to a skip</p>
+
+<p>Logged-in members can request to take items from the list below. <em>We make no promises about whether any item actually works, and take no responsibility should anything you take from us lose your data / murder your cat / blow up in your face, disfiguring you horribly / bring about Armageddon / whatever.</em></p>

static/fragments/Milliways.txt

+<p>Milliways is the society&#39;s talker system, a kind of chatroom. Many current and former SUCS members hang out here and discuss anything, computer related or not. It&#39;s a great place to ask burning questions about the society and its services, or just for general computing advice and opinions from regulars including several experienced IT professionals. </p><h3>Connecting to Milliways</h3><p>SUCS members can <abbr>SSH</abbr> to <kbd>sucs.org</kbd> and run <kbd>mw</kbd>.</p><p>Non-members are also welcome (provided they play nice, see <a href="../Knowledge/Help/SUCS%20Services/Using%20Milliways/Milliways%20Etiquette">Milliways Etiquette</a>), and can <abbr>SSH</abbr> to <kbd>bbs@sucs.org</kbd> with password <kbd>bbs</kbd>.<br /></p><p>To learn more about it, and how to use it, see <a href="../Knowledge/Help/SUCS%20Services/Using%20Milliways">Using Milliways</a></p>
+
+<p>Whilst we currently recommend using a standalone <abbr>SSH</abbr> client to connect, you can also access Milliways through our <em>experimental</em> <a href="#" onclick="window.open('/mw/','Milliways','height=600,width=800,menubar=no,resizable=yes,location=no,directories=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no')">web-based client</a>.</p>
+
+<p>You can also now see a live list of discussed <a href="../Community/Milliways/uri">URLs</a>, users' <a href="../Community/Milliways/Status">Status Messages</a> as well as comments with <a href="../Community/Milliways/tag">#hashtags</a></p>